2014 m. gegužės 29 d., ketvirtadienis

SELF - EVALUATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS



Listening to online recordings:absent on a lecture (below the average)

Learning ESP vocabulary: absent on a lecture (below the average)

Writing entries to electronic portfolios: absent on a lecture (below the average)

Speaking in the classroom: absent on a lecture (below the average)

Reading professional texts:  absent on a lecture  (below the average)

DEFINITIONS

Affect - produce an effect or change in
Acquisition - the act of acquiring or gaining possession
Accountability - the state of being accountable, liable, or answerable
Adopt - to choose or take as one's own; make one's own by selection or assent
Apply - to make use of as relevant, suitable, or pertinent
Authorities - the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes; jurisdiction
Avoid – to keep away from
Avoidance - the act of avoiding or keeping away from
Cover - to be or serve as a covering for
Charge - to impose or ask as a price or fee
Claim - to demand by or as by virtue of a right
Compulsory - required
Dividend - a sum out of an insolvent estate paid to creditors
Debt - something that is owed or that one is bound to pay to or perform for another
Decline - to withhold or deny consent to do, enter into or upon
Decrease - to diminish or lessen in extent
Defy - to challenge the power of
Earning - to gain or get in return for one's labor or service:
Elasticity- the state or quality of being elastic
Equitable - characterized by equity or fairness
Equity - the quality of being fair or impartial
Excise - an internal tax or duty on certain commodities, as liquor or tobacco, levied on theirmanufacture, sale, or consumption within the country
Exempted - to free from an obligation or liability to which others are subject
Exemption - the circumstances of a taxpayer, as age or number of dependents, that allow him or her to make certain deductions from taxable income.
Expenditure - the act of expending something, especially funds; disbursement; consumption
Evade - to escape from by trickery or cleverness
Finance - the management of revenues
Generate - to bring into existence
Growth - the act or process, or a manner of growing
Interest - the feeling of a person whose attention
Impose - to lay on or set as something to be borne, endured, obeyed, fulfilled, paid
Inflation - the act of inflating
Jurisdiction - the right, power, or authority to administer justice by hearing and determiningcontroversies
Haven - a harbor or port
Indicative - showing, signifying, or pointing out
Law - a system or collection of such rules
Liability - moneys owed; debts or pecuniary obligations
Levy - an imposing or collecting, as of a tax, by authority or force
Measure - a unit or standard of measurement
Nominal - being such in name only
Need - a requirement, necessary duty, or obligation
Offshore - off or away from the shore
Payable - to be paid
Principle - an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct
Provision - a clause in a legal instrument, a law
Percentage - a rate or proportion per hundred
Rate - a fixed charge per unit of quantity
Raise - to move to a higher position
Relief - a means or thing that relieves pain, distress, anxiety
Retail - the sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities
Recession - the act of receding or withdrawing
Redistribute - to distribute again or anew
Reduce - to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number
Revenue - the income of a government from taxation, excise duties, customs, or other sources,appropriated to the payment of the public expenses
Repayment - to pay back or refund, as money
Recover- to cover against or anew
Salary - a fixed compensation periodically paid to a person for regular work or services.
Sales – plural of sale
Sales tax - a tax on receipts from sales, usually added to the selling price by the seller.

Tax - a sum of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, levied upon incomes, property, sales, etc.
Transaction - the act of transacting or the fact of being transacted
Tariff - an official list or table showing the duties or customs imposed by a government on imports orexports
Trust - reliance on the integrity, strength, ability, surety
Value - relative worth, merit, or importance
Value added tax - an excise tax based on the value added to a product at each stage of productionor distribution
Variable - apt or liable to vary or change
Wages - Often, wages. money that is paid or received for work or services, as by the hour, day, orweek
Zero rated - to exempt (merchandise or services) from value-added tax


Tax revenue- government income due to taxation
Levy- an imposing or collecting, as of a tax, by authority or force.
Generate- to bring into existence; cause to be; produce.
Revenue- the income of a government from taxation.
Pay- to settle as by transferring money or goods, or by doing something.
Expenses- cost or charge.
Equitable- characterized by equity or fairness.
Rate-the amount of a charge or payment with reference to some basis of calculation.
Applied-having a practical purpose or use.
Tax equity- promety fairness.
Progressive tax-favoring or advocating progress  levied upon incomes.
Flexible- capable of being bent, usually without breaking; easily bent.
Financial needs- a necessary duty related with money.
Stabilize- to make or hold stable, firm, or steadfast.
Economic growth- pertaining to the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and commodities becoming better.
Limit inflation- a final  persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency.
Rapid- occurring within a short time; happening speedily.
Increases- to make greater, as in number, size, strength, or quality; augment.
Decrease- to diminish or lessen in extent, quantity, strength, power.
Decline- to withhold or deny consent to do, enter into or upon.
Encourage- to inspire with courage, spirit, or confidence.
Convienient- suitable or agreeable to the needs or purpose; well-suited with respect to facility or ease in use; favorable, easy, or comfortable for use.
Inexpensive- not expensive; not high in price; costing little.
Principe of neutrality- the state of being neutral.
Affect- to act on; produce an effect or change in.
Defy- to challenge the power of; resist boldly or openly.
Redistributing- to distribute again or anew.
To finance- the management of revenues; the conduct or transaction of money matters generally, especially those affecting the public, as in the fields of banking and investment.
To enforce- to put or keep in force; compel obedience to.
Guidance- the act or function of guiding; leadership; direction.
Violations- the act of violating.
Merchandise- the manufactured goods bought and sold in any business.
Demeanor- conduct; behavior; deportment.
Illegal- forbidden by law or statute.
Weapons- any instrument or device for use in attack or defense in combat, fighting, or war, as a sword, rifle, or cannon.
Borders- the part or edge of a surface or area that forms its outer boundary.
Compulsory-required; mandatory; obligatory: compulsory education.
Exemption-the act of exempting.
variable rates-providing for changes in the interest rate, adjusted periodically in accordance with prevailing market conditions: a variable-rate mortgage.
local taxation authorities-Any government entity that is authorized by law to assess, levy and collect taxes.
Charge-Statement accusing a person of committing a specific crime.

exclusive of VAT-A type of consumption tax that is placed on a product whenever value is added at a stage of production and at final sale.
Payable-Sum of money that ought to be paid, as agreed or required.
output VAT-The amount of value added tax a company adds to the price of its product or service.
input VAT-When a company that is registered for value added tax (VAT) buys goods or services from another supplie..
claim-to say that (something) is true when some people may say it is not true.
Repayment-to make a payment to (a person or organization that has loaned you money)
Levied-an amount of money that must be paid and that is collected by a government or other authority.
tax liability.- The total amount of tax that an entity is legally obligated to pay to an authority as the result of the occurrence of a taxable event.
Jurisdictions-the power or right to make judgments about the law, to arrest and punish criminals, etc.
tax avoidance-The use of legal methods to modify an individual's financial situation in order to lower the amount of income tax owed.
Evade-to stay away from (someone or something) : to avoid (someone or something)
Avoid-to stay away from (someone or something).
Accountability-the quality or state of being accountable; especially.
Indicative-showing something : indicating something.
Nominal-very small in amount
Offshore-from the shore :  seaward; also :  at a distance from the shore.
Reduce-to make (something) smaller in size, amount, number, etc

a tax you pay on something you buy – Duty,
a type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct – Endangered
when a charge is made against someone for a crime, or when someone is judged for a crime in a court of law – Prosecution,
not allowed by laws or rules, or strongly disapproved of by society – Illicit,
the act of buying and using something – Consumption,
a law or rule that stops people from doing something– Prohibition,
a rule, action, or situation that limits or controls someone or somethin – Restriction,
made to look exactly like something else, in order to deceive people– Counterfeit,
the amount of money that you spend on something– Expense,
something that is used for attackin – Offensive,
an amount of something that you are officially entitled to have by a particular set of rules or by the law– Allowance,
directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered– Relevant,
to tell a customs official that you are carrying goods on which you should pay tax when you enter a country– Declare,
an official written statement giving you the right to do something – Permit,
to put something together – Combine

a list of goods that have been supplied or work that has been done, showing how much you owe for them– Invoice,
official permission for someone to cross the border after a strict checking process of documents, vehicle, etc.– Customs clearance,
a tax added to the price of goods and services– VAT,
rates that are applied to favour imports from less development countries – Preferential rate,
acceptable according to the law– Valid,
an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damage Insurance,
a written document from the seller to the buyer that accompanies a delivery of goods and specifies type of goods and quantity. – Delivery note,
goods that are being delivered – Consignment,
an official document that states that a person or animal is healthy – Vaccination certificate,
warranty or security – Guarantee

measure – an action, especially an official one, that is intended to deal with a particular problem
damages – money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else as a punishment for harming them or their property,
repository – a place or container in which large quantities of something are stored,
credible – deserving or able to be believed or trusted,
alleged – one that someone says has happened or is true, although it has not been proved,
term – a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens, tangible – clear enough or definite enough to be easily seen or noticed,
intent – giving all your attention to something,
deliberate – (often of something bad) intentional or planned,
case – a question or problem that will be dealt with by a law court,
voluntary – done willingly and without being forced, fraudulent – dishonest and illegal


demand – the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services,
profit – money that you gain by selling things or doing business, after your costs have been paid,
offence– an illegal action or a crime,
consent– permission to do something,
penalty – a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement,
exploitation – treating someone unfairly by asking them to do something for you and not giving anything in return,
commodity – a product that is bought and sold,
merchant – someone who is involved in a particular activity, such as tricking people,
dividend – a part of a company's profit that is divided among the people with shares in the company,
cargo – the goods that are being carried in a ship or plane,
deception – the act of deliberately making someone believe something that is not true,
debt – a sum of money that a person or organization owes

counterfeit – copied or made in imitation especially with a dishonest purpose,
authorized – having official or legal permission for something,
consignee – the person that something is delivered to,
specimen – something used as a sample,
alter – to make or become different,
consignment – a load (of goods),
shipment – a load of goods sent by sea,
conceal – to hide or keep secret,
consignor – the person who sends goods to someone else,
load – to take or put on what is to be carried,
trafficker – illegal or dishonest dealer